Risi asked:


CAD stands for Computer Aided Design. Cad drawing means the digital representation of a drawing, figure or object using the CAD system in computers is mainly used by engineers, architects, designers and others. CAD helps designers to lay out and develop their work on the computer itself as well as print it or save it for future editing. Cad drawing mainly involves the usage of software as well as specially designed hardware. Cad drawing was initially used mainly by the automotive, aerospace industries and for electronic purposes. Only large companies could afford these specially designed computers. There is numerous ranges of packages which differ from 2D vector based drafting systems to 3D solid and surface modelers. Designing, making modules and optimizing products and developing involves in Cad drawing. CAD is primarily used for detailed engineering of 3D images or 2D components or drawings. It is often used for engineering processes right from conceptualizing to the final layout of products. It has lower development costs and much shorter, simple design cycle so very much popular.

In Cad programs some basic drawing tools are there and are very essential for cad drawings. They are Line Types, Arcs and Circles, Dimensions, Multiple parallel lines. Polygons, Hatch patterns, Arrows, Ellipses and elliptical arcs. The most wonderful Cad drawings are made with the help of these basis tools. Adding fine letters to the drawings allows by CAD. Certain features are there which allow these texts to temporarily turn off or to display outlines of the text only. In enhancing the appeal of Cad drawing all these features help. Important is the fonts which you used in a drawing must be supported by the printer for printing the drawing. It is also widely used in the drawing of tools and machinery as well as for several kinds of building. 2D drawings such as plans or elevations or 3D drawings such as the angular view of a boiler system taken from a height of 6 feet and a distance of 10 feet to generate these AutoCad can be used. To publish AutoCAD drawing on the web or an intranet network a DWF file is a 2D vector file is used by using applications such as Volo Views, Internet Explorer, Volo Views Express or Autodesk ExpressViewer.
A sketch is a quick way to record an idea for later use. Drawings sketches is a skill. Artist’s sketches primarily serve as a way to try out different ideas and establish a composition before undertaking a more finished work, especially when the finished work is expensive and time consuming. Basically, drawings is about learning to see and possessing the discipline for regular practice. Sketching sharpens an artist’s ability to focus on the most important aspects of a subject and is a recommended part of artistic development for students.

The ability to quickly record impressions through sketching has found varied purposes in today’s culture. A sketch method of reproducing photographs is done with a photographic enlarger in a dark room. The negative image is projected on the paper where the sketch is to be done. All the light shades are penciled until the paper is all the same shade. Pencil sketches are drawings that lack professional cleanliness, that is, they’re either done in lined paper, or the edges and lines are too unclean or they are simply done for fun without proper planning and not meant to be serious drawings. Dry media such as pencil or pastel are often preferred due to time constraints, but a quickly done watercolor study or even quickly modeled clay or soft wax can also be considered a ’sketch’ in the broader sense of the term.

Speed and versatility as much as precision with bold strokes, and you can take it anywhere… and you should – get joy… as to draw or sketch as better you think, as it becomes a delicate & natural way to see and communicate what you see onto paper……

Even experienced artist always go back to drawing….



CLEMENT

Risi asked:


Web design combines traditional arts with technical skills. A Web site is a collection of Web pages that are linked with each other to form one single body of information. A Web site can offer information about the object that it aims to describe using text, graphics, and audio or maybe in some cases video. Basically web site content can be almost anything. It all depends on the developer’s creativity and design. Anyone can start a website, but, can anyone design a website? Obviously not, it is the only work of the web designer or web design artist.

The web designer works with images and words to create the perfect web layout. To create unique websites, the kind of websites that really add value to the World Wide Web, skilled web designers use various tools. Web designers uses beautiful pictures and graphics or create fabulous images using programs such as Photoshop, Coral Draw, Illustrator, Basic Paint, Photo Impact and so on. They also design dramatic layouts by using 3D software or Flash which may take the visitors into another world. Business and informational websites must me pointed on the proper subject and it should not be artistic, they need to inspire.
Corporate websites need clear designs, simple layouts so that any visitor could access the information fast and understand the purpose of the website. Website should convey proper and original information and also develop brand awareness in a positive manner. A good website can sell a service or products, but this doesn’t mean that its appearance should fade. Web design artist has full power to rework on the site and also can modify images by day to day basis to attract the visitors for their sites. Good realistic designs could add a lot of glamour and attraction to your website. They create sort of natural beauty.

Drawing provides the basis for other creative activities – like painting, sculpture and printmaking – but it also provides a direct link with reading, writing and especially mathematics. The connection between drawing and geometric shapes and measurements simply cannot be denied. The basic function of drawing is to make marks onto a surface to communicate ideas and information. When you see specialized techniques for preparing good drawing, what comes to mind first? Most people think that it’s a god’s gift filled with skills. However, it is not necessary that you need to be born with the ability to draw or paint. Like any other means of communication, drawing is a skill that almost anybody can learn. It is very easy to be drawn. You can use a variety of tools to begin learning to draw, such as the lead pencil, charcoal, color pencils, wax crayons, pen and ink, and these days even digitally. Once you learn the basics, you can use creativity by going on to experiment with variety of styles like cartooning, sketching, caricature, illustration, and also abstract and representational rendering.

There are few steps you can follow to begin your drawing lesson:

Observation:- Observation is an important factor of the technique of drawing. Unless you learn how to see, it will be difficult for you to draw the objects around you successfully.

The Lines:- Once you learn to see the various shapes of objects, start by learning to draw lines, which are any drawing’s basic building blocks. Lines can either be rendered visually or just implied by using spaces. There are three basic types of lines that you will use to render any object, these are – the straight line, the curved line, or angled lines.

Perspective Right :- Perspective, as far as drawing is concerned, is about using the rules of geometry to represent objects on paper as they appear in reality, which is that they seem to become smaller and bunch together the further they are from your observation point.

The Right Shade:- Shading is the key to making the objects you draw appear 3-dimensional. Before you begin shading, you need to determine where the source of light is in your drawing. For example, if the source of light is on the left of the object, the right side will get the darkest shading, while the left will get the lightest.

A Shadow:- The final step of giving form to your 3-dimensional object is to add a shadow. Whenever there is a source of light falling on an object, it creates the shadow of the object on the opposite side.



LAVERNE

Risi asked:


A scale drawing is a drawing that represents a real object. The scale of the drawing is the ratio of the size of the drawing to the actual size of the object. Plans are usually type of scale drawing, meaning that the plans are drawn in specific ratio relative to the actual size of the place or object. Various scales may be used for different drawings in a set. An architect’s scale is a specialized ruler. It is used in measuring from reduced scale drawings, such as blueprints and floor plans. It is marked with a range of calibrated scales (ratios).For accuracy and longevity the material used should be dimensionally stable and durable. Scales were traditionally made of wood, but today they are usually made of rigid plastic or aluminum. Architect’s scales may be flat, with 4 scales, or have a symmetric 3-lobed cross-section, with 6.

An engineer’s scale is a tool for measuring distances and transferring measurements at a fixed ratio of length. It is commonly made of plastic and is just over twelve inches (300 mm) long, so that the measuring ticks at the edges do not become unusable by wear. It is used in making engineering drawings, commonly called blueprints, in scale. For example, "one-tenth size" would appear on a drawing to indicate a part larger than the paper itself. It is not to be used to measure machined parts to see if they meet specifications. The engineer’s scale came into existence when machining parts required a greater precision than the usual, binary fractionalization of the inch as in the architect’s scale for houses and furniture. They were used, for example, in laying out printed circuit boards with the spacing of leads from integrated circuit chips as one-tenth of an inch.

A drawing desk is in its antique form, a kind of multipurpose desk which can be used for any kind of drawing, writing or sketching on a large sheet of paper or for reading a large format book or other oversized document or for drafting exact technical illustrations. The drawing table used to be a frequent companion to a platform desk in a gentleman’s study or private library, during the preindustrial and early industrial era. More recently engineers and draftsmen use the drawing board for making and modifying drawings on paper with ink or pencil. Different drawing instruments (set square, protractor, etc.) are used on it to draw parallel, perpendicular or oblique lines. There are instruments for drawing circles, arcs, other curves and symbols too. However, with the gradual introduction of computer aided drafting and design (CADD or CAD) in the last decades of the 20th century and the first of the 21st century, the drawing board is becoming less common.

A drawing table is also sometimes called a mechanical desk because, for several centuries, most mechanical desks were drawing tables. Despite of Computer aided drafting, many graphic designers, artists, architects and even some structural designers still rely on paper and pencil graphics produced on a drafting table. Modern drafting tables typically rely on a steel frame. Steel provides as much strength as the old oak drafting table frames and much easier portability. The steel frame allows mechanical linkages to be installed that control both the height and angle of the drafting board surface. The drafting table surface is usually covered with a thin vinyl sheet called a board cover. This provides an optimum surface for pen and pencil drafting. It allows compasses and dividers to be used without damaging the wooden surface of the board. A board cover must be frequently cleaned to prevent graphite build up from making new drawings dirty. Some drafting tables incorporate electric motors to provide the up and down and angle adjustment of the drafting table surface. These tables are at least as heavy as the original oak and brass drafting tables and so sacrifice portability for the convenience of pushbutton table adjustment.

 



CARLO

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The fashion industry is full of artists and creative individual, who spend their days creating great fashion designs with the help of fashion drawing. To be a designer, you must be comfortable with drawing fashion because all fashion designs start out as sketches before investment in fabrics and the services of other professionals. However, in order to develop skills in fashion drawing, you must first learn the fundamentals of drawing, such as proportion, perspective drawing, shading and how to draw people, textures and movement. There is a lot involved in learning how to draw fashion and proper instruction is key. Changes in technology, leisure, work, cultural and moral values. Homelife and politics also contribute to lifestyle trends, which in turn influence the clothes we wear. These are the changes that make any era of society special in relation to the study of the costume of a period.

The fashion industry is full of artists and creative individual, who spend their days creating great fashion designs with the help of fashion drawings. To be a designer, you must be comfortable with drawing fashion because all fashion designs start out as sketches before investment in fabrics and the services of other professionals. However, in order to develop skills in fashion drawing, you must first learn the fundamentals of drawing, such as proportion, perspective drawing, shading and how to draw people, textures and movement. There is a lot involved in learning how to draw fashion and proper instruction is key. Changes in technology, leisure, work, cultural and moral values. Homelife and politics also contribute to lifestyle trends, which in turn influence the clothes we wear. These are the changes that make any era of society special in relation to the study of the costume of a period.

Symbol level drawing is useful when creating large scale maps with intersecting and overlapping line features. For example, on a large-scale reference map with intersecting highways and streets, it helps you create high-quality representations of street and highway street intersections. It is mostly useful in maps with cased lines as it creates overpass and underpass effects where the line features cross, which is a good way to show connectivity. Symbol level drawing can also be used to achieve other advanced effects. You can alter the draw order of features within feature layers. By using symbol level drawing, you can control the draw order of features on a symbol-by-symbol basis. This means features do not have to be drawn in the same order as feature layers that appear in ArcMap’s table of contents (TOC). With symbol level drawing, you can control when a feature draws by controlling when the feature’s symbol draws. Furthermore, when multilayer symbols are used, you can control the drawing order of individual symbol layers.

Graphic symbols are used on construction drawings to reference other drawings within the set. It is also used to list drawing notes, identify finishes and revisions. The same graphic is used for one purpose. Standard graphic symbols are used to present complete information concerning construction items and materials. These typical symbols are used so frequently in construction drawings that their meanings must be familiar not only to the preparer, but to the user as well. The main information sources for a particular symbol are the Military (Drawing) Standards (MIL-STD) and the American National Standards Institute (ANSI).

 



ROOSEVELT

Risi asked:


Hand Drawing represents a variety of approaches to practicing drawing. Drawing hands is very good practice. Hands are an odd shape and complex collection of muscles and bones, which makes them quite difficult to draw convincingly. The idea is to produce a nice, finished drawing and concentrate more on the drawing technique without getting too precious about it. Hand drawing is a typical feature of graphic artists, designers and illustrators and is often associated with creativity and inspiration, it is often used in portfolios and showcases. The interesting thing is that the hand-drawn style is the only element which is used by designers to present their work on their site. For drawing the hand artist, should start with the crook between the thumb and the top side of the hand, drawing the negative shape between them first and then following the outline round until the edges joined again at the end of the thumb. Basically, lying out was done very lightly with a B pencil, then restated more strongly and with closer observation to the detail with a 3B, following the curve of the edge as closely as possible. Artist find it much easier to concentrate on that once the overall shape is roughed in. Tonal shading was done with a 6B.

To show an edge shared by two similarly toned objects is to draw the line of the edge, even though the line isn’t really there as it appears in the drawing. Drawing is much more a kind of codifying of reality than a faithful representation. We know that when a drawing contains a line, it can be the edge of an object or an edge shared by two objects. The edge of an object doesn’t exist exactly as it’s represented in the drawing, but because convention allows us to see a line on paper as the edge of an object, it works in practice.

Designing a brochure! Good graphic designers, has a tougher job of designing. Even for the most basic type of brochure, before you put pencil to paper or click your mouse, there is essential information that the client and designer had to discuss. The first thing you need to know is the purpose of the brochure or what the client wants on that brochure to achieve. That ties directly into who the target audience is and what the message of the brochure will be. There are three main types of brochures and in each case; the cover is used to accomplish a specific goal.

The three types of brochures are –

• Used to advertise or market,

• Gives education or information, and

• Gives entertainment

A brochure that is primarily educational or informative, the product generally appears on the cover with the information of what it does or can do listed inside. The entertaining brochure is used the least. Designers need to get the parameters and specifications from the client before they proceed, as these may greatly affect the cost. Printers can also be a tremendous resource in explaining how a brochure’s parameters and specifications will affect everything from the size of paper a brochure is printed on, to trimming, folding, and special cuts.

The graphic designer and client needs to discuss the order of information; starting with the most important and moving onto the least. At this stage, you will need to know on which panel or panels information is being placed. In some brochures, information can go across two panels to striking effect. Advertising, educating, informing, and entertaining are how that message is presented; the actual message is what you want to say about the particular product, service, or company. As with any design there are also things you will want to avoid. These include: Avoid over-used typefaces, two of which are Arial and Helvetica. For content type, keep the point size under 12. With any design project, it’s a good idea to have all the necessary information, pictures, parameters, and specifications before you let your creative juices flow.

 



ANTON

Risi asked:


DWG – "drawing" is a format used for storing two and three dimensional design data and metadata. It is the native format for several CAD packages including AutoCAD. The DWG format is probably the most widely used format for CAD drawings.

DWG Drawing to PDF Converter allows you convert DWG to PDF, DXF to PDF directly without need of AutoCAD, it converts DWG and DXF files into vector PDF files, quick and easily. There are several claims to control of the DWG format. It is Autodesk who designs, defines, and iterates the DWG format as the native format for their CAD applications. The DWG format is probably the most widely used format for CAD drawings. Autodesk estimates that in 1998 there were in excess of two billion DWG files in existence. There are several claims to control of the DWG format. DWG Drawing to PDF Converter supports a wide variety of versions of DWG and DXF files, it supports DXF or DWG files. PDF converter is convenient and easy to operate, and DWG and DXF files can be directly dragged from Windows Explorer and converted fast.

• DWG is a file format.

• Applicant is not the exclusive source of files with the format name DWG.

• Applicant does not control the use of DWG by others, either as a trademark or as a file format name.

• The submitted survey does not reflect recognition of DWG as a trademark, since no distinction was made between use as a trademark and use as the name of a file format.

To tackle "spider web drawing means you must be capable of drawing straight lines. A spider web is not so easy to draw as it looks. If you are thinking of doing drawings of spider webs, take a look around outside to see if you can spot a good looking spider web. Do a quick, rough sketch outside then transfer it once you have a firm surface to draw on. After a bit of practice, spider web drawings were quite easy. For Drawing Corner Spider Web, you have to take your pencil and on the top of the page, about two inches from the right start drawing a line to 2 inches below the right top corner. The line should loop down and have points.

• Draw straight lines from the points in your first line to the corner.

• Make lines parallel to your fist line going all the way up. You should have 5 or 6 lines.

For Drawing Full Spider Web, Get a paper and make a cross on it, try to make both lines a similar length (using a ruler will help)

• Draw diagonal lines through the center, dividing the paper up from 4 to 8 sections.

• Start connecting the lines with inverted arcs, this is an arc), from the inside out.

Once you have reached the end of the web, elongate the diagonal lines, this will make it look like it has supports. Draw a spider by making a fuzzy ball, then drawing legs (eight of them) on your web. This spider web drawing in a tree looks quite attractive, a bit like a sailboat. The straight lines were probably the hardest part. You have to be careful while drawings the threads of web link up together neatly and spaced fairly accurately. Some spiders take pride in their homes obviously.

 



CHARLIE

Risi asked:


Drawings as we know them today emerged in the end of middle ages. As artists turned to direct observation of the natural world as a source for their work, it became necessary for them to prepare their images in drawings, which could be modified, erased, and discarded with relative ease and lack of expense. These drawings were made by human beings with their creative process. They were never intended to be collected or displayed. Drawings are one of the most difficult art objects to authenticate. There is seldom a reference containing all of an artist’s drawings and forgeries are easy to make compared to prints; all you need is old paper and a pencil. Much of the authentication technique is based on studying line quality and paper type. This requires decades of experience.

Modern drawings are divided into three categories:

Modern Forgeries — replicas that appear on the market, particularly e-Bay, that have wrong signatures, wrong paper or copies of known drawings.

Stylistic Similar Period Drawings — upon careful research, many of these will turn out to be authentic and of great value. They have been in private collections for years and unknown to art historians. A good appraiser not only states that they believe they are real or a fake, but why and how they compare to known authentic drawings. This is particularly valuable if you wish to sell.

Well Documented Drawings — these are known authentic pieces illustrated in the literature and/or have photo-certificates from the foremost experts. The appraiser has to determine what the drawing is worth and if the photo-certificate is real. Forgers today spend more time faking the credentials than they do the piece.

Today’s collectors want unique art, something multiple prints can’t give them. Paintings by the masters are not affordable but drawings, sometimes even studies for the famous paintings, are inexpensive. Contemporaries, mostly artists themselves, already recognized the extraordinary achievement of these draughtsmen and made efforts to preserve their preparatory drawings, which were often more beautiful than their finished work.

Graphic Websites Design is a full service, custom designing offering everything from and logo designs and business card to flash websites and search engine optimization and much more. Graphics plays a vital part of web design but require serious thought and planning. Graphic design is the use of graphic elements and text to communicate an idea or concept. There are various phases of graphic design and different objects that build up graphic design are as follows:-

Design is a process which gives informative, purposeful and it uses visual language to convey a message. Composition, Layout, Color theory perspective and typography all plays a necessary part in graphic design. Color theory includes the basic color harmonies, qualities of color, color models and color contrasts. Composition and layout involves the elements of design and leading the viewer’s eye. Using formal layout systems can help with the design. Perspective involves the 3D illusion, 1 point perspective, 2 point perspective and 3 point perspective. Typography includes type anatomy, classifications, families and also measurements. Graphic design can really improve the appearance of a website, if used the right way. If one combines color, form and value the results are inspiring and the Internet browsers will surely be satisfied with the outcome.

Website’s basic requirement is web design for the web page to enables the website to get top rankings in the search engines. Website design means to build up website. There are various steps to the creative process and a lot of digital image features that can be used. Such techniques are known by specialists, who spend much time in offering us the information and helps in preparing the bodies of websites.

The basic part of website designing is known by a lot of people. They comprise of the content, the utility of the site, the general appearance and the profile of website on the Internet. The website designer prepares the websites by using all amazing techniques, which are put together to suit the general public and gain popularity. One of the latest technologies used is Flash and there are many website designers who create Internet sites with its help. Web designs can also be made has flash website designs, HTML website designs, graphic designs.



BARRY

Risi asked:


3d drawing is an excellent skill to have for work or for fun. Learning how to draw three dimensional shapes is important for artists as well as for engineers, and for people who like to sketch for fun as a hobby. 3d objects is not as difficult as you might think. These days when people talk about 3d they are usually talking about computer animation. 3D drawings are used by designers, project managers, inventors and engineers to provide an easy understanding of complex graphic designs. Stereoscopic imaging has been a major fascination for viewers and photographers since the earliest days of photography. But the word “stereoscopic” confuses some people. What does it mean? It refers to seeing with two eyes. The brain merges these two different views into a single impression that we easily take for granted, but is poorly understood by science.

This impression allows us to judge with amazing accuracy distances to and between objects. A person with single-eyed vision can also learn to estimate distances, but stereoscopic vision allows for nearly faultless determination of what is closer and what is farther. Today, we have many techniques and technologies to produce stereoscopic images. Some are more effective than others. Today’s technology offers high-tech VR head-mounted displays, fast DLP projectors and glasses that contain liquid crystal shutters. Digital video and High Definition TV bring us to a new era in the evolution of this fantastic medium. REAL 3D requires photographing two (or more) views from different angles. Any other method is synthetic and therefore not REAL 3D. The one exception is holography, which is based on principles too complex to describe here. There are certainly uses for synthetic 3D methods. But for the most part, the public can see the difference. 21st Century 3D is at the cutting edge of this rapidly advancing medium.

Drawing is pretty simple and an easy skill and is something with which you can have great fun. It is not a very expensive hobby and can start with paper and a pencil. If you are really serious and passionate about learning how to draw a good drawing? Drawing is not complicated to learn, but it requires some practice. Remember that there is no magic pill, a good drawing tutorials and practice will help to go ahead the boundaries.

Good drawing tutorials can also help you to motivate your learning process. Good drawing tutorials for beginners should also focus on repetition. The first criteria that a good drawing tutorial should fulfill, is that it has to be written by an artist. The second criteria of a good drawing tutorial, is that the tutorial should be written by someone who knows how to communicate and train effectively. Training effectively means having the ability to identify unique problem areas and putting the solution across to the reader in an easy to understand manner. An excellent trainer knows how to clarify the problems. Reading and practicing these in your daily routine will improve your skill.

• You should practice drawing line, straight line, curved line, scribbled lines, and your hand should obey the command of your thoughts and visions. You should control your hand and you should be able to bring out what you want.

• If you are drawing and you are right handed person, ensure that the light is from your left side. This will prevent your hand shadow falling on your paper.

• You should further develop drawing circles, oval shapes, crossed lines and bold and thick lines.

• These lines and curves are like pillars to a building. The foundation should be strong enough to have a good building; similarly these initial small lines and curves will go a long way in your career.

• Use good quality materials. 4B and 6B pencils and good chart paper or note book with good quality paper



HARLEY